Module 7: Managing Data Storage v
Module Strategy
Use the following strategy to present this module:
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Managing Data Compression
Provide an overview of data compression management. Describe the
characteristics of compressed files and folders. Describe and demonstrate
how to compress files and folders. Explain the compression state of files and
folders that are copied and moved within and between partitions. The topic
on copying and moving compressed files and folders has an animated slide.
The icon on the bottom left corner of the slide identifies the slide. Use the
slide to show students how the compression state of files and folders is
retained when they copy or move them within and between NTFS file
system partitions and non-NTFS partitions. Present best practices for
managing NTFS compression.
!"
Managing Disk Quotas
Provide students with an overview of disk quota management. Define disk
quota management. Describe setting disk quota warnings and limits. Explain
and demonstrate how to enable disk quotas for all users and for individual
users. Explain and demonstrate how to monitor quota entries. Present best
practices for managing disk quotas.
!"
Encrypting Data
Provide an overview of the Encrypting File System (EFS). The topic on
defining the Encrypting File System has an animated slide. The icon on the
bottom left corner of the slide identifies the animated slide. Use the slide to
show students that they can use EFS to store data in encrypted form. Then
explain that Windows 2000 does encryption and decryption transparently
whenever encrypted data is read from or written to the hard disk. Describe
the Encrypting File System as a way to ensure data security. Describe how
to encrypt files and folders. Explain what happens when encrypted files and
folders are copied and moved. Present best practices for encrypting data.
!"
Using Disk Defragmenter
Provide an overview of Disk Defragmenter. Describe Disk Defragmenter as
a tool to consolidate fragmented files and folders. Describe how to
defragment partitions. Demonstrate Disk Defragmenter analyzing a partition
on your computer. Describe best practices for using Disk Defragmenter.
!"
Troubleshooting Data Storage
Provide students with solutions to data storage problems.
vi Module 7: Managing Data Storage
Customization Information
This section identifies the lab setup requirements for a module and the
configuration changes that occur on the student computers during the labs.
This information is provided to assist you in replicating or customizing
Microsoft Official Curriculum (MOC) courseware.
The labs in this module are also dependent on the classroom
configuration that is specified in the Customization Information section at
the end of the Classroom Setup Guide for course 1556A, Administering
Microsoft Windows 2000.
Lab Setup
The following list describes the setup requirements for the labs in this module.
Setup Requirement 1
The labs in this module require that the Users group have the Log on locally
right. To prepare the student computers to meet this requirement, perform one
of the following actions:
!"
Complete module 2 of course 1556A, Administering
Microsoft Windows 2000.
!"
From the Trainer Materials compact disc, run the LRights.cmd script on
each domain controller in each child domain.
Setup Requirement 2
The labs in this module require the following user accounts: User71, User72.
To prepare the student computers to meet this requirement,
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Run the script Lab071.cmd on one of the two domain controllers in each
subdomain.
If you run the script on both domain controllers, the labs will not
function properly.
!"
If you create the users manually, leave the password blank.
Lab Results
Performing the labs in this module introduces the following configuration
changes:
!"
The assignment of the Log on locally right to the Users group.
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The addition of User71 and User72 to the Users container.
Important
Caution
Module 7: Managing Data Storage 1
Overview
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Managing Data Compression
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Managing Disk Quotas
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Encrypting Data
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Using Disk Defragmenter
!
Troubleshooting Data Storage
As an administrator, you must maintain stored data in a way that ensures
adequate storage capacity and data security for current and anticipated work.
Microsoft
®
Windows
®
2000 provides tools to help you manage data storage.
You use data compression to store files using less disk space. You use disk
quotas to monitor and control data storage on partitions where users share hard
disk space. You use encryption to protect data from unauthorized viewing or
use. You defragment partitions to compile pieces of files that are distributed
over a partition, thereby improving the performance of your system.
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
!"
Manage data compression.
!"
Manage disk quotas.
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Manage data encryption.
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Defragment NTFS file system partitions.
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Troubleshoot data storage tasks.
!"
Apply best practices to data management.
Slide Objective
To provide an overview of
the module topics and
objectives.
Lead-in
In this module, you will learn
how to manage data storage
on NTFS-formatted
partitions.
2 Module 7: Managing Data Storage
#
##
#
Managing Data Compression
!
Defining Compressed Files and Folders
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Compressing Files and Folders
!
Copying and Moving Compressed Files and Folders
!
Best Practices for Managing Data Compression
NTFS file system data compression enables you to compress files and folders.
Compressed files and folders occupy less space on an NTFS-formatted
partition, enabling you to store more data. You set the compression state, either
compressed or uncompressed, of files and folders. Files and folders that you
copy or move can retain their compression states, or they can inherit the
compression state of the target folder to which they are copied or moved. There
are best practices for managing data compression that you should follow.
Slide Objective
To introduce NTFS data
compression management.
Lead-in
You compress files and
folders so that they occupy
less space on a partition.
Delivery Tip
This is an overview of
managing data
compression. Prepare
students for the topic by
providing the following key
points of information.
Key Points
Compress files and folders
to occupy less hard disk
space.
You can set the
compression state of files
and folders.
Copying and moving
compressed files and
folders may affect their
compression state.
Use best practices when
managing data
compression.
Module 7: Managing Data Storage 3
Defining Compressed Files and Folders
!
Files and Folders Have a Compression State
!
Windows 2000 Automatically Uncompresses Accessed
Files
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Space Allocation Based on Uncompressed File Size
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Display Color Designates Compressed Files and Folders
NTFS Partition
FileA
FileA
FileB
Compressed
FileB
Compressed
FolderA
Compressed
W
You can compress individual files and folders that are stored on NTFS
partitions. Compressed files are convenient for users to access from within
Microsoft applications. When saving compressed files on a partition, there must
be enough space on the partition for the uncompressed file size. Compressed
files and folders can be easily distinguished by using a different display color.
Compression State
Each file and folder on an NTFS partition has a compression state, which is
either compressed or uncompressed. The compression state for a folder does
not necessarily reflect the compression state of the files and subfolders in that
folder. A folder can be compressed, yet all of the files in that folder can be
uncompressed; an uncompressed folder can contain compressed files. To
change the compression state for a file or folder, you must have Write
permission for the file or folder.
Access to Compressed Files
Compressed files can be read, and written to, by any Windows-based or
MS-DOS
®
-based application without first being uncompressed by another
application. When a file is compressed, Windows 2000 automatically
uncompresses and compresses the file in the background when it is opened and
closed. When you use an application such as Microsoft Word, or an operating
system command such as copy, to request access to a compressed file,
Windows 2000 automatically uncompresses the file. When you close or save a
file, Windows 2000 compresses it again.
Slide Objective
To describe compressed
files and folders.
Lead-in
Compressed files and
folders occupy less space
on NTFS-formatted
partitions.
Key Points
Uncompressed files can
reside in a folder in a
compressed state.
Compressed files can reside
in a folder in an
uncompressed state.
NTFS allocates space for
compressed files and
folders based on the
uncompressed size of the
file or folder when it is
copied or moved.
4 Module 7: Managing Data Storage
Space Allocation for Compressed Files
When a compressed file is copied from one partition to a compressed folder on
another partition, it is uncompressed, copied in its uncompressed state, and then
compressed. Because the file is in an uncompressed state for a period of time,
there must be enough space on the partition to which the file is being copied to
hold the file in its uncompressed state. If there is not enough space, the file
cannot be copied to the partition. Therefore, if you copy a compressed file to a
compressed folder on an NTFS partition, and you have enough space for the
compressed file but not for the uncompressed file, you will get an error message
stating that there is not enough disk space for the file.
Compression State Display Color
By using Windows Explorer you can select a different display color for
compressed files and folders in order to distinguish them from uncompressed
files and folders.
Module 7: Managing Data Storage 5
Compressing Files and Folders
FolderA Properties
General
Web Sharing Sharing
Security
FolderA
Type:
Location:
Size:
Size on disk:
Contains:
Created:
Attributes:
File Folder
C:\
0 bytes
2.00 KB (2,048 bytes)
1 Files, 0 Folders
Wednesday, September 16, 1998, 10:44:01 AM
Read-only
Hidden
Advanced
OK Cancel
A
pply
A
pply
Advanced Attributes
Choose the settings you want for this folder
When you apply these changes you will be asked if you
want the changes to affect all subfolders and files as well.
Archive and Index attributes
Folder is ready for archiving
Index contents for fast file searching
Compress or Encrypt attributes (mutually exclusive)
Compress contents to save disk space
Encrypt contents to secure data
OK Cancel
In Windows Explorer, you can set the compression state of files and folders and
change the display color for compressed files and folders.
You cannot compress a file or folder if it is encrypted. If the Encrypt
contents to secure data check box is selected, you cannot compress the file or
folder.
Compression State
You set the compression state of a folder or file in the Advanced attributes
dialog box. Select the Compress contents to save disk space check box.
If you compress a folder, Windows 2000 displays the Confirm Attribute
Changes dialog box, which has the two additional options that the following
table describes.
Option Description
Apply changes to this
folder only
Compress only the folder that you have selected and
any files or folders added to it
Apply changes to this
folder, subfolders and files
Compress the folder and all subfolders and files that are
contained within it and added to it
Display Color
You can set an alternate display color for compressed files and folders. In
Windows Explorer, on the Tools menu, click Folder Options. On the View
tab, select the Display compressed files and folders with alternate color
check box.
Slide Objective
To describe how to
compress files and folders.
Lead-in
By using Windows Explorer
you can set the
compression state for files
and folders and change the
display color for
compressed files and
folders.
Delivery Tip
Show students how to set
the compression state for a
folder.
Show students how to set
an alternate display color for
compressed folders and
files.
Note
6 Module 7: Managing Data Storage
Copying and Moving Compressed Files and Folders
NTFS Partition
B
B
Retains
Retains
Move
Move
NTFS Partition
A
A
Inherits
Inherits
Copy
Copy
Copy
Inherits
Inherits
Copy
Copy
Copy
NTFS PartitionNTFS Partition
C
C
D
D
Inherits
Inherits
Copy
Copy
Copy
Move
Move
!
No Compression on Non-NTFS Partitions or Floppy Disks
The following list describes how Windows 2000 treats the compression state of
a file or folder when you copy or move a compressed file or folder within or
between NTFS partitions, or between NTFS and non-NTFS partitions:
!"
As in section A in the illustration, when you copy a file or folder within an
NTFS partition, the file inherits the compression state of the target folder.
For example, if you copy a compressed file or folder to an uncompressed
folder, the file or folder is automatically uncompressed.
!"
As in section B in the illustration, when you move a file or folder within an
NTFS partition, the file or folder retains its original compression state. For
example, if you move a compressed file to an uncompressed folder, the file
remains compressed.
!"
As in section C in the illustration, when you copy a file or folder between
NTFS partitions, the file or folder inherits the compression state of the target
folder.
!"
As in section D in the illustration, when you move a file or folder between
NTFS partitions, the file or folder inherits the compression state of the target
folder. Because Windows 2000 treats a move between partitions as a copy
and then a delete, the files inherit the compression state of the target folder.
!"
Windows 2000 supports compression only for NTFS partitions. When you
move or copy a compressed file or folder to a non-NTFS partition or floppy
disk, Windows 2000 automatically uncompresses the file or folder.
When you copy a compressed file, Windows 2000 uncompresses the file,
copies the file, and then compresses the file again as a new file. This may cause
performance degradation.
Slide Objective
To explain compression of
files and folders that are
copied and moved within
and between partitions.
Lead-in
Certain rules determine
whether the compression
state of files and folders is
retained when you copy or
move them within and
between NTFS and non-
NTFS partitions.
Key Points
Moving a file or folder from
one NTFS partition to
another is treated as a copy
and then a delete.
NTFS compression is not
supported on non-NTFS
partitions. Windows 2000
automatically uncompresses
compressed files that you
move or copy to a non-
NTFS partition.
Delivery Tip
The slide for this topic is
animated. Begin by
explaining to students
how the compression
state of a file inherits the
compression state of the
target folder.
Note
Module 7: Managing Data Storage 7
Best Practices for Managing Data Compression
Determine Which File Types to Compress
Determine Which File Types to Compress
Do Not Compress Already Compressed Files
Do Not Compress Already Compressed Files
Use Different Display Colors for Compressed Files and Folders
Use Different Display Colors for Compressed Files and Folders
Compress Static Data Rather Than Data That Changes Frequently
Compress Static Data Rather Than Data That Changes Frequently
Consider the following best practices for managing compression on NTFS
partitions:
!"
Because some file types compress to smaller sizes than others, select file
types to compress based on the resulting anticipated file size. For example,
because Windows bitmap files contain more redundant data than application
executable files, this file type compresses to a smaller size. Bitmaps will
often compress to less than 50 percent of the original file size, while
application files rarely compress to less than 75 percent of the original size.
!"
Do not compress already compressed files. Windows 2000 will attempt to
compress the file even more, wasting system time and yielding no additional
disk space.
!"
To make it easier to locate compressed data, use different display colors for
compressed folders and files.
!"
Compress static data rather than data that changes frequently. Compressing
and uncompressing files incurs some system overhead. By choosing to
compress files that are infrequently accessed, you minimize the amount of
system time that is dedicated to compression and uncompression activities.
Slide Objective
To present best practices for
managing NTFS
compression.
Lead-in
Review this checklist before
you compress files and
folders on NTFS partitions.
8 Module 7: Managing Data Storage
Lab A: Compressing Files and Folders
Objectives
After completing the lab, you will be able to:
!"
Compress and uncompress files and folders.
!"
Manage compressed files.
Prerequisites
Before working on this lab, you must have:
!"
Knowledge of file systems.
Lab Setup
To complete this lab, you need the following:
!"
This lab also assumes that the D:\MOC\WIN1556A\Labfiles folder exists
on your computer. If your computer does not have this configuration, run
Labfiles2.exe located in D:\MOC\WIN1556A\Labfiles or the Labfiles folder
on the Student Materials compact disc.
Estimated time to complete this lab: 15 minutes
For More Information
For more information on NTFS file system compression, see Inside
Windows NT
®
, Second Edition, by David A. Solomon.
Slide Objective
To prepare students for
the lab.
Lead-in
In this lab, you will
compress and uncompress
files and folders, and
manage compressed files.
Delivery Tip
After students complete the
lab, review the lab answers.
Ask students if they
encountered any problems
during the lab.
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